The literal translation of the Italian sentence, " So che questo non va bene" ("I know that this is not good"), produces "Know(I) that this not goes(it) well," which has English words and Italian grammar.Įarly machine translations (as of 1962 at least) were notorious for this type of translation, as they simply employed a database of words and their translations. Literal translations in which individual components within words or compounds are translated to create new lexical items in the target language (a process also known as "loan translation") are called calques, e.g., "beer garden" from German " biergarten."
#GOOGLE TRANSLATE GERMAN FULL#
"Literal" translation implies that it is probably full of errors, since the translator has made no effort to (or is unable to) convey correct idioms or shades of meaning, for example, but it can also be a useful way of seeing how words are used to convey meaning in the source language.Įxamples Example of broken English and German directly translated from FrenchĪ literal English translation of the German phrase "Ich habe Hunger" would be "I have hunger" in English, but this is clearly not a phrase that would generally be used in English, even though its meaning might be clear.
Charles Singleton's 1975 translation of the Divine Comedy is regarded as a prose translation. A literal translation of poetry may be in prose rather than verse but also be error-free. There is, however, a great deal of difference between a literal translation of a poetic work and a prose translation. Literal translation can also denote a translation that represents the precise meaning of the original text but does not attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry. Similarly, Richard Pevear worked from literal translations provided by his wife, Larissa Volokhonsky, in their translations of several Russian novels. For example, Robert Pinsky is reported to have used a literal translation in preparing his translation of Dante's Inferno (1994), as he does not know Italian. Word-for-word translations ("cribs", "ponies", or "trots") are sometimes prepared for a writer who is translating a work written in a language they do not know. The term "literal translation" often appeared in the titles of 19th-century English translations of the classical Bible and other texts. Literal translation leads to mistranslation of idioms, which was once a serious problem for machine translation. It is to be distinguished from an interpretation (done, for example, by an interpreter). In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation). Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is a translation of a text done by translating each word separately without looking at how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) ( September 2007) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. This article possibly contains original research.
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